Table 1 Ecological efficiency evaluation index system.

From: Insights from spatial Markov chain and dynamic QCA into the spatiotemporal evolution and configurational pathways of eco-efficiency in China’s coastal megaregions

Category

Primary input indicators

Specific indicators

Unit

Input indicators

Labor

Year-end employed population

104 persons

 

Capital

Fixed asset investment

107 yuan

 

Technology

Local government expenditure on science and technology

106 yuan

 

Resource

Built-up area

km²

  

Total water supply

106 m3

  

Total electricity consumption

107 kWh

Output indicators

Desirable

GDP per capita

108 yuan

  

Urban green space area

ha

 

Undesirable

Industrial sulfur dioxide emissions

t

  

Industrial smoke and dust emissions

t

  

Carbon dioxide emissions

108 t