Fig. 1

Agarose gel electrophoresis showing PCR amplification of the target gene fragment. Lanes 1 10: DNA samples from buffalo calves; Lane N: negative control (no template DNA); Lane P: positive control; Lane L: 100 bp DNA ladder (100–1000 bp). Specific PCR amplicons of the expected size (200 bp) were observed in lanes (1–3, 9, 10), confirming the presence of the target gene.