Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: High-intensity interval training remodels perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex to drive microglial polarization and alleviate osteoarthritis pain

Fig. 4

HIIT reduced PNN accumulation and promoted microglial M2 polarization in the mPFC. (A and B) Triple immunofluorescence staining in the mPFC showing PNN, Iba1, and iNOS (A) or PNN, Iba1, and Arg1 (B). OA rats showed increased PNN expression and pro-inflammatory (Iba1 + iNOS⁺) microglia, while HIIT reduced PNN levels and promoted anti-inflammatory (Iba1 + Arg1⁺) phenotypes. (C and D) Protein expression of iNOS, Arg1, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the mPFC, detected by western blot (C) and quantified by bar graphs (D) (n = 6). Statistical methods used: One-way ANOVA. **p < 0.01 vs. the sham group, ##p < 0.01 vs. the OA group. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

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