Fig. 5
From: Colorimetric detection of edible oil oxidation using PAN–Congo red nanofiber mats

(A) color change (ΔE) (B) response time of the effectiveness of nanofiber mats to oxidized oils; (C) visual color change before and after exposure to oxidized SBO for edibility detection, and (D) sensing mechanism of colorimetric sensor to volatile compounds (Hashim et al., 2025).