Table 4 Distribution of respondents’ perception response, accuracy, and bias level across seven climate variables (n = 198) compared to 1980–2022 meteorological data in the Koh-e-Suleiman Range, Pakistan.
Variable | Perception response (%) | Accuracy level (%) | Bias level (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase | Decrease | No change | Correct | Incorrect | Misjudged | Overestimate | Underestimate | |
Temperature-related indicators | ||||||||
Temperature | 83.3 | 1.0 | 15.7 | 83.3 | 16.7 | 15.7 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Warm spells | 82.8 | 1.0 | 16.2 | 82.8 | 17.2 | 16.2 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Cold spells | 8.6 | 71.7 | 19.7 | 71.7 | 28.3 | 19.7 | 8.6 | 0.0 |
Precipitation-related indicators | ||||||||
Rainfall | 60.6 | 27.3 | 12.1 | 60.6 | 39.4 | 12.1 | 0.0 | 27.3 |
Rain intensity | 84.8 | 2.0 | 13.1 | 84.8 | 15.2 | 13.1 | 0.0 | 2.0 |
Floods | 87.9 | 0.0 | 12.1 | 87.9 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Drought-related indicators | ||||||||
Drought spells | 60.1 | 15.2 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 75.3 | 0.0 | 60.1 | 15.2 |
