Table 2 Biological traits of Trogoderma granarium on different nuts, and wheat as a control.

From: Effects of selected nuts on the biology of Trogoderma granarium Everts

Biological trait

Wheat

Peanut

Cashew

Pine nut

Pecan

Time from egg laying to egg hatch (d£)

5.09 Âħ 0.14d

5.74 Âħ 0.16c

6.50 Âħ 0.17b

6.70 Âħ 0.22b

7.39 Âħ 0.26a

Larval duration (d£)

45.94 Âħ 0.46d

48.02 Âħ 0.59c

52.77 Âħ 0.68b

62.35 Âħ 1.25a

65.14 Âħ 1.20a

Pupal period (d£)

5.60 Âħ 0.13c

6.19 Âħ 0.15b

6.67 Âħ 0.17b

7.06 Âħ 0.24b

7.54 Âħ 0.26a

Total preadult duration (d£)

56.70 Âħ 0.55e

59.95 Âħ 0.73d

65.87 Âħ 0.80c

76.06 Âħ 1.38b

80.00 Âħ 1.26a

Total longevity (all individuals) (d£)*

60.07 Âħ 2.42a

57.53 Âħ 3.15c

59.15 Âħ 3.57b

59.32 Âħ 4.81b

57.72 Âħ 5.25c

Female Longevity (egg to adult) (d£)

64.79 Âħ 0.78d

68.18 Âħ 1.10c

73.68 Âħ 1.25b

85.22 Âħ 1.67a

88.50 Âħ 1.76a

Male Longevity (egg to adult) (d£)

71.09 Âħ 0.85c

72.71 Âħ 1.15c

77.75 Âħ 1.25b

87.00 Âħ 2.16a

91.71 Âħ 2.12a

Proportion of adult females Nf/N

0.40 Âħ 0.06a

0.37 Âħ 0.07a

0.32 Âħ 0.05a

0.30 Âħ 0.06a

0.30 Âħ 0.05a

Preoviposition period (TPOP)

59.92 Âħ 0.72d

63.95 Âħ 1.12c

69.89 Âħ 1.17b

81.72 Âħ 1.77a

84.39 Âħ 1.72a

Oviposition days (Od)

3.67 Âħ 0.19a

3.68 Âħ 0.20a

3.58 Âħ 0.25a

2.89 Âħ 0.27b

3.17 Âħ 0.25ab

Fecundity (F) (eggs/female)

65.46 Âħ 2.03a

52.00 Âħ 2.16b

47.95 Âħ 2.76b

33.06 Âħ 2.81c

27.67 Âħ 1.69c

Preadult survival rate (Sa)

0.78 Âħ 0.01a

0.72 Âħ 0.01a

0.65 Âħ 0.01a

0.58 Âħ 0.02ab

0.58 Âħ 0.01ab

  1. Mean values Âħ standard error were calculated by the paired bootstrap test. The values sharing similar letters in a row are not statistically different. £day. *individuals survived to adults including those died at immature stages.
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