Table 3 Comparison of diabetes knowledge (DKQ-18 Scores) across sociodemographic subgroups among the studied university students (N = 2787).

Gender

Female

10.0(7.0–13.0)

1364(65.3%)

724(34.7%)

Male

10.0(7.0–13.0)

444(63.5%)

255(36.5%)

P value, effect size

0.078^b, r = 0.033

0.387^a, V = 0.016

BMI (kg/m2)

Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m²)

10.0(7.0–12.0)

217(63.6%)

124(36.4%)

Normal weight (18.5- <25 kg/m²)

10.0(7.0–13.0)

984(64.5%)

541(35.5%)

Overweight (25- <30 kg/m²)

10.0(7.0–13.0)

419(65.4%)

222(34.6%)

Obese (> 30 kg/m²)

10.0(8.0–13.0)

188(67.1%)

92(32.9%)

P value, effect size

0.354^c, ε²=0.001

0.798^a, V = 0.019

Residency

Rural

10.0(8.0–13.0)

531(68.7%)

242(31.3%)

Urban

10.0(7.0–13.0)

1277(63.4%)

737(36.6%)

P value, effect size

0.012^b*, r = 0.048

0.009^a*, V = 0.050

Faculty

Medical

12.0(9.0–14.0)

1311(80.8%)

311(19.2%)

Non-medical

8.0(5.0–10.0)

497(42.7%)

668(57.3%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^b*,r = 0.474

< 0.001^a*, V = 0.394

Academic year

1st year

9.0(6.0–11.0)

291(58.0%)

211(42.0%)

2nd year

9.0(6.0–12.0)

250(55.3%)

202(44.7%)

3rd year

11.0(8.0–13.0)

460(71.1%)

187(28.9%)

4th year

11.0(8.0–13.0)

276(66.5%)

139(33.5%)

5th year

10.5(7.0–13.0)

386(66.0%)

199(34.0%)

6th year

12.0(9.0–14.0)

145(78.0%)

41(22.0%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^c*, ε²=0.050

< 0.001^a*, V = 0.140

Father’s occupation

Government worker

11.0(8.0–13.0)

896(68.2%)

418(31.8%)

Private worker

11.0(8.0–13.0)

502(66.5%)

253(33.5%)

Unemployed

9.0(6.0–12.0)

410(57.1%)

308(42.9%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^c*, ε²=0.018

< 0.001^a*, V = 0.097

Father’s education

Illiterate

9.0(6.0–10.0)

49(49.0%)

51(51.0%)

Primary education

9.5(6.0–12.0)

130(59.1%)

90(40.9%)

Secondary education

10.0(7.0–13.0)

418(60.8%)

269(39.2%)

University education

10.0(7.0–13.0)

789(66.0%)

406(34.0%)

Postgraduate education

11.0(8.0–13.0)

422(72.1%)

163(27.9%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^c*, ε²=0.023

< 0.001^a*, V = 0.110

Mother’s occupation

Government worker

11.0(8.0–13.0)

645(71.7%)

255(28.3%)

Private worker

10.0(7.0–12.0)

1059(61.6%)

63(37.7%)

Housewife

10.0(7.0–13.0)

104(62.3%)

661(38.4%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^c*, ε²=0.011

< 0.001^a*, V = 0.098

Mother’s education

Illiterate

10.0(7.0–12.0)

153(60.0%)

102(40.0%)

Primary education

9.0(6.0–12.0)

201(57.4%)

149(42.6%)

Secondary education

10.0(7.0–13.0)

494(62.4%)

298(37.6%)

University education

11.0(7.5–13.0)

725(68.2%)

338(31.8%)

Postgraduate education

11.0(8.0-13.5)

235(71.9%)

92(28.1%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^c*, ε²=0.012

< 0.001^a*, V = 0.096

Income

Enough with savings

11.0(8.0–13.0)

725(68.2%)

338(31.8%)

Enough without savings

10.0(7.0–13.0)

889(64.0%)

499(36.0%)

Not enough

9.0(6.0–12.0)

194(57.7%)

142(42.3%)

P value, effect size

< 0.001^c*, ε²=0.012

0.001^a*, 0.069