Fig. 5

The effect of Cs, Se and Cs–Se NPs on the expression patterns of barley cultivar (Mv Initium) under salt stress (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). Each column is the mean expression of three technical and biological replicates. Error bars are standard deviations of biological replicates. Lower-case letters above bars indicate mean comparisons from LSD test at p < 0.05.