Table 5 Protection measure optimization decision parameters.
Protection type | Decision variable | Value range | Response time | Protection effect | Operation cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valve closure | Closure time curve | 10–300 s | Immediate | High | Low |
Surge tank activation | Connection timing | Binary (0/1) | 1–3 s | Medium-High | Very Low |
Relief valve opening | Opening degree | 0-100% | < 1 s | High | Medium |
Pump speed control | Speed reduction rate | 0-100% rated | 2–5 s | Medium | Medium-High |
Air valve action | Admission/release rate | Variable | < 0.5 s | Medium | Low |
Bypass valve | Opening sequence | Time-staged | 1–2 s | Medium | Low-Medium |
