Table 1 Mass balance (%) of NIA from the permeation experiments with split-thickness human skin (donors 1–3) and the EpiDerm tissue model.

From: Effect of pH on niacinamide skin permeation

 

Human

EpiDerm

 

pH 5.0 (n = 11)

pH 7.4 (n = 13)

pH 5.0 (n = 8)

pH 7.4 (n = 6)

Permeation %

(mg cm−2)

0.65 ± 0.27

(0.46 ± 0.19)

2.05 ± 0.51

(1.37 ± 0.36)

1.09 ± 0.26

(1.24 ± 0.39)

1.49 ± 0.58

(2.52 ± 1.00)

Extraction %

(mg cm−2)

0.16 ± 0.09

(0.11 ± 0.06)

0.29 ± 0.10

(0.20 ± 0.06)

0.22 ± 0.04

(0.31 ± 0.06)

0.13 ± 0.02

(0.19 ± 0.03)

Donor %

95 ± 4

97 ± 2

100 ± 4

108 ± 2

Mass balance %

96 ± 4

99 ± 2

101 ± 4

110 ± 2

  1. The table summarizes the distribution of NIA into four components: permeated amount, extracted amount from the membrane, remaining amount in the donor, and the resulting total mass balance (reported as % of the applied dose). For permeation and extraction, values are reported both as percentages and, in parentheses, as mass per unit area (mg cm−2). Replicate numbers (n) are indicated for each condition.
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