Table 6 Toughness values derived from stress–strain curves.

From: Quantitative assessment of alkali and carbon nanotube reinforcement effects on the tensile reliability of sustainable sisal fiber bio-based epoxy composites

Sample ID

Composite description

Toughness (MJ·m⁻³)

S1

Untreated sisal/epoxy

1.95 ± 0.15

S2

4 wt% NaOH-treated sisal/epoxy

2.35 ± 0.18

S3

5 wt% NaOH-treated sisal/epoxy

2.80 ± 0.20

S4

5 wt% NaOH + 0.15 wt% MWCNT

1.10 ± 0.09

S5

5 wt% NaOH + 0.25 wt% MWCNT

1.25 ± 0.10

S6

5 wt% NaOH + 0.35 wt% MWCNT

1.40 ± 0.12

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