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Eco-innovative bilayer films of Eremurus spectabilis root gum and polyvinyl alcohol enriched with Cuminum cyminum husk extract for beef preservation
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  • Published: 17 April 2026

Eco-innovative bilayer films of Eremurus spectabilis root gum and polyvinyl alcohol enriched with Cuminum cyminum husk extract for beef preservation

  • Elham Merrikhi Ardebili1,
  • Razieh Niazmand2,
  • Abdollah Jamshidi1 &
  • …
  • Mojtaba Heydari-Majd3 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology

Abstract

This study focused on the development and characterization of a novel active bilayer film composed of Eremurus spectabilis root gum (ESRG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cuminum cyminum husk extract for potential application in beef preservation. The bilayer system was fabricated by casting PVA as a structural support layer and ESRG incorporated with cumin husk extract as the active layer. Physicochemical characterization revealed that the incorporation of cumin husk extract increased film thickness while reducing water solubility and water vapor permeability, thereby improving barrier properties. Structural analyses (FTIR, SEM, and DSC) confirmed successful integration of bioactive compounds and enhanced thermal stability. Mechanical tests demonstrated reduced tensile strength but increased flexibility upon extract incorporation. When applied to beef fillets stored at 4 °C for 12 days, the active bilayer film significantly inhibited microbial growth (aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonads, and psychrotrophs) compared with both the control and simple bilayer films. Additionally, the film effectively delayed lipid oxidation (TBARS) and protein degradation (TVB-N), while maintaining lower pH and improved sensory quality. Overall, the active bilayer PVA/ESRG film with cumin husk extract demonstrated promising potential as a sustainable and effective biodegradable packaging material for extending the shelf-life and preserving the quality of fresh beef.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Elham Merrikhi Ardebili & Abdollah Jamshidi

  2. Department of Food Chemistry, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran

    Razieh Niazmand

  3. Department of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran

    Mojtaba Heydari-Majd

Authors
  1. Elham Merrikhi Ardebili
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  2. Razieh Niazmand
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Contributions

All authors meet the criteria for authorship as outlined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Specifically: Elham Merrikhi Ardebili was responsible for writting original draft, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis. Abdollah Jamshidi conducted the literature review and organized the data. Razieh Niazmand administrated project, review & editing, supervision, , investigation, data curation and conceptualization. Mojtaba Heydari-Majd drafted the manuscript and revised it critically for important intellectual content.

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Correspondence to Razieh Niazmand.

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Merrikhi Ardebili, E., Niazmand, R., Jamshidi, A. et al. Eco-innovative bilayer films of Eremurus spectabilis root gum and polyvinyl alcohol enriched with Cuminum cyminum husk extract for beef preservation. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42262-z

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  • Received: 06 December 2025

  • Accepted: 25 February 2026

  • Published: 17 April 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42262-z

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Keywords

  • Eremurus spectabilis root
  • PVA
  • Cumin husk extract
  • Bilayer film
  • Beef preservation
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