Fig. 1

Kaplan–Meier survival by surgery after propensity score matching. (A) Overall survival (OS) and (B) cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the matched cohort (n = 318; surgery n = 159, no surgery n = 159). Curves compare surgery (blue) versus no surgery (red) with 95% confidence-interval ribbons; tick marks denote censoring. Risk tables display the number at risk (number censored) at prespecified time points, with cumulative numbers of events reported below. Group differences by log-rank test were significant for both endpoints (P < 0.001). Abbreviations: OS, overall survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival.