Table 2 Assessment tools for depressive and anxiety disorders among patients with atrial fibrillation.

Assessment instrument for Depression

HADS

3.5 [3.5]—8.2 [3.9]

3.1 [2.6]—5.8 [3.7]

^{28,31,32,33,34,39,41,42,43}

SDS

40.3 [8.6]—49.4 [10.6]

32.0 [7.4]—38.7 [8.6]

^35,37,40

BDI

10.2 [7.6]

5.1 [4.8]

^29,41,

MDI

13.6 [8.6]

³⁰

CESD

13.4 [9.8]

³⁸

MHI-5

³⁶

Assessment instrument for anxiety

HADS

4.4 [3.6]—10.4 [4.1]

3.8 [3.8]—7.2 [3.9]

^{28,31,32,33,34,39,41}

SAS

35.7 [35.7]—48.6 [11.1]

30.1 [6.1]

^37,40

STAI

36.9 [11.4]—45.9 [9.0]

25.6 [9.1]—39.0 [7.2]

^29,35,38

WHO-5

49.5 [24.1]

65.7 [24.0]

³⁰