Abstract
Following the field application of pesticides, concentrations progressively decline due to various environmental factors, which can result in sub-lethal exposure. Cyantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide that has shown it’s efficacy against Musca domestica. However, there is a lack of data regarding sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the biology of M. domestica. The current study reports impacts of sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole on the biology of M. domestica. Key life-history parameters, including developmental duration, survival, fecundity, and population growth indicators, were thoroughly investigated in M. domestica exposed to various concentrations of cyantraniliprole under controlled conditions. Male longevity was reduced in the 50 ppm treated group (40.83 d) compared to the untreated group, with a slight, non-significant increase observed at 25 ppm (44.75 d). The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) was significantly longer in the untreated group (8.00 d), while the total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) was significantly shorter in the 12.5 ppm treated group (14.65 d). The lowest net reproductive rate (R0) was recorded in the group exposed to 50 ppm (13.00 offspring/individual), while mean generation time (T) was significantly higher in the 25 ppm treated group (31.04 d). In conclusion, cyantraniliprole exerts significant biological effects on M. domestica, providing a scientific basis for its deployment in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Conceptualization: Ali Amir, Naeem Iqbal, Nauman Sadiq, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan Methodology: Naeem Iqbal, Nauman Sadiq, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan Formal analysis and investigation : Ali Amir, Naeem Iqbal, Nauman Sadiq, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, Muhammad Sohail Shahzad, Farrukh Baig Writing—original draft preparation: Ali Amir, Naeem Iqbal, Nauman Sadiq, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan Writing—review and editing: Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, Farrukh Baig, Tiyyabah Khan Resources: Naeem Iqbal, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, Tiyyabah Khan.
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Amir, A., Iqbal, N., Sadiq, N. et al. Fitness costs of sublethal cyantraniliprole exposure: life-history trade-offs in the non-target insect Musca domestica. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42884-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42884-3
