Abstract
This study employs the ISM–MICMAC framework to investigate the structural architecture of social media burnout among university students, aiming to delineate the hierarchical interdependencies and logical pathways of its contributing factors. Utilizing a Delphi-based synthesis, 15 critical variables were identified across individual, psychological, technological, and informational dimensions. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) results categorize these factors into four distinct levels, unraveling a structural progression where platform-technical mechanisms and deep-seated psychological responses function as the foundational drivers. Complementary MICMAC analysis reveals that factors such as algorithm recommendations and social comparison occupy the Independent Cluster, exerting high driving power over subsequent perceived overloads. This research provides a systematic roadmap for understanding the intricate formation of burnout, shifting the focus from mere symptom management to addressing the root-level structural pressures within digital social environments.
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The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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JW: Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Writing, original draft，prepared Figs. 1 and 2.HL-W: Writing, Investigation, review & editing, Funding acquisition.HM-C: Writing, Software, Investigation, Resources.All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Wen, J., Wang, H. & Chen, H. Research on the formation mechanism of social media burnout among college students based on the ISM-MICMAC model. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42958-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42958-2
