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First molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry meat in Yemen
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  • Published: 04 March 2026

First molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry meat in Yemen

  • Mohammed Najeeb Al-Bana  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0007-2566-91211,
  • Saeed Munasser Alghalibi  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0007-6972-47191,
  • Qais Yusuf Abdullah  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-50211,
  • Wadhah Hassan Edrees  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-04662,3,
  • Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3375-05594,5,
  • Saad Al-Arnoot  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-39721,6,
  • Assem Al-Thobhani  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0002-5553-55231,
  • Nousiba Lotf Jaml1 &
  • …
  • Basem Al-Akhali  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0000-1972-01101 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Diseases
  • Microbiology

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne bacterial infection that is of global concern and responsible for 90% of campylobacter-associated diarrheal diseases in humans. To date, there is no data on the prevalence of C. jejuni in poultry meat in Yemen. This study is the first one that aimed to molecularly detect and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of C. jejuni isolates from poultry meat in Sana’a, the capital of Yemen. Three hundred and thirty samples of poultry meat (180 local and 150 imported) were collected from various fresh poultry shops and slaughterhouses in the Yemeni capital, Sana’a, during the period from 2023 to 2024. C. jejuni isolates were identified using phenotypic methods and confirmed using molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. The overall rate of C. jejuni was detected in 40/330 (12.12%) poultry meat samples, 38/180 (21.1%) local meat, and 2/150 (1.3%) imported meat (P = 0.003; Odds Ratio (OR) = 6.57). From local meat, 18 (10%) isolates were recovered from intestinal samples, and only two were recovered from skin samples (1.3%) of the imported meat. The prevalence of C. jejuni peaked in the autumn (12, 3.7%; OR = 1.92). All C. jejuni isolates were completely resistant to macrolide antibiotics and clindamycin and highly resistant to aminoglycosides. In addition, the sensitivity of C. jejuni isolates was reported to be 100% for ampicillin and chloramphenicol and 90.0% for ciprofloxacin. All C. jejuni isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with the majority being resistant to five antibiotics (60%). These findings revealed that multi-antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni was recovered from poultry meat, particularly local meat. Consequently, it is imperative to establish policies that will mitigate the transmission of animal diseases, restrict the use of antibiotics in poultry farming, provide slaughterhouse employees with training on the proper handling of meat, and enforce strict standards for meat imports.

Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The 16 S rRNA gene sequences have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers PV263606.1, PV263587.1, and PX392582.1.

Abbreviations

bp:

Base Pair

EUCAST:

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

CFU:

Colony Forming Unit

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

MDR:

Multidrug Resistance

MH-F:

Mueller-Hinton Fastidious Agar

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

OR:

Odds Ratio

P value:

Probability value < 0.05 (significant)

PCR:

Polymerase Chain Reaction

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

SPSS:

Statistical Package for Social Sciences

χ2 :

Chi square

95% CI:

95% Confidence Interval

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen

    Mohammed Najeeb Al-Bana, Saeed Munasser Alghalibi, Qais Yusuf Abdullah, Saad Al-Arnoot, Assem Al-Thobhani, Nousiba Lotf Jaml & Basem Al-Akhali

  2. Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hajjah University, Hajjah, Yemen

    Wadhah Hassan Edrees

  3. Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Razi University, Sana’a, Yemen

    Wadhah Hassan Edrees

  4. Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen

    Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari

  5. Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, International Malaysia University, Ibb, Yemen

    Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari

  6. Microbiology/Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen

    Saad Al-Arnoot

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Contributions

Al-Bana M : collected data and samples, conducted the experiments, processed the data, interpreted the data, and wrote the original draft. Alghalibi S : conceived the study, supervised it, interpreted the findings, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. Abdullah Q : assisted in study design and supervision, interpreted the findings, and reviewed the manuscript. Edrees W : assisted in processing and analyzing the data, interpreted the data, wrote the original draft, and edited the manuscript. Al-Shehari W : Contributed to data analysis and interpretation and reviewed and edited the manuscript. Jaml N : Assisted in conducting the molecular experiments and processed and interpreted the data. Al-Arnoot S : Contributed to processing the data, analyzing and interpreting it, and writing the original draft. Al-Thobhani A : assisted in conducting the experiments, collected and analyzed data, and interpreted the findings. Al-Akhali B : contributed to collecting samples and conducted the experiments. All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the submitted version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qais Yusuf Abdullah.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research, Sana’a University, No. (92), and dated (10/10/2022). Postmortem poultry meat samples were used, and this study did not include any experiments on live poultry or interventions in the natural environment. Verbal consent was obtained from the vendors while maintaining the confidentiality of the data and sources of the samples and not disclosing any information related to the vendors’ identities. Furthermore, local poultry meat samples were collected from retail slaughterhouses, while imported poultry meat samples were collected from supermarkets. Additionally, all biosafety and environmental protection guidelines were adhered to during sample collection, transportation, and analysis, in accordance with25.

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Al-Bana, M.N., Alghalibi, S.M., Abdullah, Q.Y. et al. First molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry meat in Yemen. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43066-x

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  • Received: 10 September 2025

  • Accepted: 28 February 2026

  • Published: 04 March 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43066-x

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Keywords

  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Multidrug resistance (MDR)
  • 16S rRNA sequencing
  • Conflict setting
  • Poultry meat
  • Yemen
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