Fig. 2
From: β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide preserves muscle strength in septic male mice
Identification of sepsis-induced gene expression changes in skeletal muscle. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of RNA-seq showing the separation of control and sepsis groups based on transcriptomic profiles of gastrocnemius muscle at day 4 after cecal slurry injection. (B) Heatmap of representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and sepsis groups on day 4. (C) Volcano plot displaying DEGs in gastrocnemius muscle on day 4 after CS injection. (D) Canonical pathway analysis of DEGs using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The top five enriched pathways are shown, including those related to mitochondrial function and sirtuin signaling. (E) Quantitative PCR analysis of the sirtuin family genes (Sirt1–7) in the gastrocnemius muscle at day 4 after sepsis induction. All analyses were performed using the same set of samples (control, n = 5; sepsis, n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance of qPCR results (E) was determined using unpaired Welch’s t-test between control and sepsis groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant.
