Fig. 1
Experimental setup and conditions: Participants were seated at a table with their hands resting on two modular elements (a) featuring a thermal probe (1) to assess heat pain thresholds as the test stimulus (left hand) and a thermal plate (2) to induce tonic cold pain as the conditioning stimulus (right hand). The applied 2 × 2 design involved four conditions during which participants’ hands were either covered (b) or visible (c). Their hands were separated by either a glass (b) or a mirror partition (c). They were instructed to keep their head on the right side of the partition and continuously look towards their left hand while the conditioned modulation paradigm was applied. Note that the pictures b and c were staged with one of the co-authors (B.B.), who consented to their publication.
