Fig. 5
Jet length \(L_\text {j}\) versus jet diameter \(d_\text {j}\) for a compound jet generated with a type N9 double-flow focusing nozzle. Panels (a) and (b) show experimental realizations without and with beam-jet interaction, respectively. The core jet liquid was either water (squares), 10% (w/v) NaCl, 50 mM NaOAc (pH 3.5), 20% (w/v) PEG6000 (triangles) [panel (a)] or 10% (w/v) NaCl, 50 mM NaOAc (pH 3.5) (circles) [panel (b)]. The grey, black and red symbols correspond to jets without a sheath, with a water sheath and with a 1% (w/v) PEO100k solution sheath, respectively. The hollow red symbols correspond to experimental realizations in which the jet suffered from the whipping instability. The arrows indicate that the jet length was larger than the stated value because the jet length exceeded the size of the image.
