Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Adapalene, an RAR agonist, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage polarization through RAR\(\upbeta\)-mediated signaling pathways

Fig. 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

RARβ antagonist reverses protective effects of adapalene against LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. RAW264.7 cells were co-treated with LE135 (0.1, 1, or 10 µM) and adapalene (100 nM), and then exposed to LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h. The levels of pro-inflammatory markers were determined using RT-qPCR (A) and western blot analysis (B). Membranes were cut prior to antibody incubation; all available uncropped images are provided in the Supplementary Information. Original full-length images for certain replicates are unavailable due to loss of original acquisition files. Density analysis is shown in the lower panel. The experiment was performed three times in triplicate and results are presented as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. AD, adapalene; ns, not significant. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 vs. LPS alone; &P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01, and &&&P < 0.001 vs. AD plus LPS.

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