Table 2 Wall clock results under matched settings and the same environment. Time is measured in seconds. Overhead is measured in percent. Speed ratio equals baseline time divided by EGMF-GR time. The first block reports training time. The second block reports a runtime breakdown for a representative configuration.

From: Hybrid evolutionary-gradient training improves long-term time series forecasting

Block

Item

Baseline

EGMF-GR

Overhead

Speed

Training time

iTransformer ETTm1

4.728

14.041

196.98

0.337

Training time

iTransformer ETTm2

4.093

14.009

242.22

0.292

Training time

iTransformer ETTh2

4.294

14.751

243.55

0.291

Runtime breakdown

Evaluation only

51.705

49.575

− 4.12

1.043

Runtime breakdown

Fusion operator

0.000

2023.498

0.00

0.000

Runtime breakdown

Evaluation plus fusion

51.705

2073.073

3909.45

0.025