Fig. 5

Equipment setup and marker placement for the Plug-in Gait Full Body Model. (a) Overview of the experimental setup and equipment layout; (b) Reflective markers were placed bilaterally, unless otherwise specified, at the following anatomical landmarks (Vicon label codes in parentheses): head-front/back, left and right (LFHD, RFHD, LBHD, and RBHD); the 7th cervical vertebra (C7); the 10th thoracic vertebra (T10); the clavicle (CLAV); the sternum (STRN); the medial border of the right scapula (RBAK); the shoulders (LSHO and RSHO); the upper lateral 1/3 surface of the arm (LUPA and RUPA); the lateral humeral epicondyles (LELB and RELB); the lower lateral 1/3 surface of the forearm (LFRM and RERM); the mediolateral styloid processes of the wrist (LWRA, RWRA, LWRB, and RWRB); the third metacarpal heads (LFIN and RFIN); the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines on both sides (LASI, RASI, LPSI, and RPSI); the lower lateral 1/3 surface of the thigh (LTHI and RTHI); the lateral femoral epicondyle (LKNE and RKNE); the lower 1/3 surface of the shank (LTIB and RTIB); the lateral malleoli (LANK and RANK); the calcaneus (LHEE and RHEE); and the second metatarsal heads (LTOE and RTOE); (c) sEMG sensors are positioned over the muscle bellies of the quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris (short head), tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles bilaterally on lower limbs.