Table 1 Spatial parameter adaptation matrix and unit yield for different aquaculture methods.

From: Multi-objective scenarios analysis for optimizing mariculture spatial allocation: a case study of Lianyungang, China

Mariculture

methods

Mariculture products

DIN

current velocity

Water depth

zooplankton density

Yield per unit area

/mg·L− 1

/cm·s− 1

m

/ind·m− 3

deep-water cages

commercial fish

< 0.5

30–90

> 15

> 10

35/t·m− 3

raft culture

macroalgae

0.4–0.6

20–35

10–20

> 5

8.5/t·ha− 1

shellfish

< 0.5

30–50

hanging baskets

crabs, shellfish

< 0.5

30–50

10–20

> 5

8.5/t·ha− 1

bottom sowing

sea cucumber

< 0.5

20–35

10–20

> 5

6/t·ha− 1

  1. Note: The environmental parameter thresholds are primarily derived from existing literature on the ecological suitability of different aquaculture modes (e.g., references24,25,26,27,28, and are also informed by the classification standards for seawater quality outlined in China’s Technical Specifications for Marine Environmental Quality Assessment (HJ1300-2023).