Table 4 Summary of MI studies.

Rats

Permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery

hDPSCs

Intramyocardial transplantation

1.5*10⁶ cells

1. Improved functional outcomes (1/1);

2. Cells not differentiated into cardiac or smooth muscle cells;

3. Increased vascular density;

4. Reduced infarcted area

Echocardiographic test (measured cardiac function)

Mice

Left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated for 30 min, then loosened for reperfusion

SHED-CM

Infused systemically via the jugular vein

500 µl CM

1. Reduced infarct area;

2. Suppressed apoptosis;

3. Suppressed inflammatory responses

Rabbits

Permanent left circumflex coronary artery was ligated

SHED

Intravenously through rabbit marginal ear vein

1*10⁶ cells

1. Reduced infarct area;

2. Increased myocardial cells and neovascularization;

3. Improved functional outcomes (1/3)

Heart rate test (measured cardiac function)

Rats

Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery

hDPSCs-extracellular vesicles (EVs)

Intramyocardial injection

2.5*10⁹ particles/ mL

1. Reduced infarct size;

2. Decreased the expression of M1 markers in the infarct area;

3. Reduced the infiltrating M1 macrophages in the infarcted area