Table 6 Impact categories per kg of cementitious materials.

From: Comprehensive evaluation of the environmental performance and durability of biochar-incorporated concrete

Material

Data source

GWP (kg CO₂ eq/kg)

PENRT(MJ/kg)

Cement

UltraTech Cement Ltd. (2022)70

0.996

5.96

Sand

Vilniaus Karjerai, JSC. (2021)71

0.000928

0.0126

Gravel

Biochar

Biokolprodukter AB. (2024)72

-3.03

1.05

Super plasticizer

Sika Services AG. (2023)73

0.896

20.1

Water

Nienborg et al. (2018)74

0.01

0.06

  1. Biochar incorporated into concrete is assumed to create a permanent carbon sink with no downstream carbon emissions72.
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