Table 14 Comparative overview of cyber-attack simulation frameworks focussing on AI driven multi agent capabilities.

From: Artificial intelligence driven multi agent framework for adaptive cyber attack simulation and automated incident response in cyber range environments

Model/Reference

Adaptive Autonomy

Multi-Stage Attack Simulation

Cyber Range Integration

Real Dataset Usage

Detection Accuracy (F1)

Response Latency (s)

Scalability (# Agents)

I. LateÈ™ et al.4

No

Limited (rule-based)

Partial

No

65%

> 15

< 5

T. Zhang et al.13

Yes, RL-based only

Moderate

No

No

78%

N/A

3

I. S. Choi et al.15

Partial

Limited

No

No

74%

N/A

4

Proposed AI-Driven MAS

Full, RL + ML

Comprehensive (adaptive multi-stage)

Full

Yes

91%

5.3

25+