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Characteristics and driving factors of phytoplankton community in urban-rural interface watershed
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  • Published: 02 April 2026

Characteristics and driving factors of phytoplankton community in urban-rural interface watershed

  • Lu Wang1,
  • Chengjun Wang2,
  • Xiaolin Liu2,
  • Yuebo Wei2 &
  • …
  • Chunhua Hu1 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Ecology
  • Environmental sciences
  • Hydrology
  • Limnology
  • Ocean sciences
  • Water resources

Abstract

Urban-rural interface watersheds exhibit distinct ecological characteristics due to the reciprocal influence of human activities and natural processes. The Qian Lake water system, a typical water body at the urban-rural interface, exhibits phytoplankton community characteristics that serve as critical indicators of the region’s ecological health. To examine the community structure of phytoplankton and its environmental drivers in the Qian Lake water system, a systematic survey of phytoplankton and water physicochemical parameters was conducted. Algal biological indicators were used to evaluate the nutrient status of the water body. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was employed to explore the correlations between phytoplankton and environmental factors. The findings revealed a total of 112 phytoplankton species across seven phyla, with Chlorophyta being the most abundant (35.7% of total species), followed by Bacillariophyta, which accounted for 27.7%. Diatoms were the dominant species group (Y = 0.20), likely due to soil erosion caused by suburban expansion and their high efficiency in utilizing dissolved silicon (DSi) in the water. The phytoplankton density ranged from 19.59 × 104 to 61.22 × 104 cells/L, with a mean density of 34.04 × 104 cells/L. The biomass ranged from 0.27 to 0.54 mg/L, with an average of 0.38 mg/L. Furthermore, the community structure of the phytoplankton was of the Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta type. According to algal biological evaluation criteria, the Qian Lake water system was classified as mildly polluted, and the Pielou uniformity index (J) was less than 0.8, indicating weak stability; RDA and environmental coupling analysis showed that pH, and suspended solids (SS) were the main factors influencing the community structure of phytoplankton in the Qian Lake water system, and the spatial distribution of phytoplankton was co-regulated by nutrient availability, DO availability, and hydraulic conditions (flow velocity, depth of water). These findings provide essential data and theoretical insights for water ecological management and health assessment in urban-rural interface watersheds.

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author (Dr Chunhua Hu) on reasonable request. Correspondence regarding data access can be directed to: nchuchunhua@163.com (E-mail address of the corresponding author).

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 41663002), the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants (Grant No. SKLMHM202312), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China (Grant No. 20161BAB203080).

Funding

Funding for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (41663002), the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants (SKLMHM202312), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China (20161BAB203080).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China

    Lu Wang & Chunhua Hu

  2. PowerChina Jiangxi Hydropower Engineering Bureau Co.,LTD, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China

    Chengjun Wang, Xiaolin Liu & Yuebo Wei

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  1. Lu Wang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Lu Wang and Yuebo Wei. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Lu Wang; Writing—review and editing: Chunhua Hu; Resources: Chengjun Wang; Supervision: Xiaolin Liu. And all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chunhua Hu.

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Wang, L., Wang, C., Liu, X. et al. Characteristics and driving factors of phytoplankton community in urban-rural interface watershed. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45995-z

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  • Received: 08 November 2025

  • Accepted: 23 March 2026

  • Published: 02 April 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45995-z

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Keywords

  • Qian Lake water system
  • Phytoplankton
  • Community structure
  • Environmental factors
  • Redundancy analysis
  • Dissolved silicon
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