Table 20 Statistical Comparison of Optimization Algorithms (Based on 30 Independent Runs).

From: Investigating the impact of electric vehicles on increasing the reliability of the distribution system using the enhanced gray wolf evolutionary algorithm model

Algorithm

Mean Best Fitness

Std. Dev.

Best Found

Worst Found

p-value (vs. EGWOA)*

Statistical Significance (α = 0.05)

EGWOA (Proposed)

2.851

0.009

2.847

2.869

-

-

Standard GWO

3.524

0.142

3.492

3.892

1.21e-11

Yes

Particle Swarm Opt.

3.892

0.187

3.812

4.301

1.21e-11

Yes

Genetic Algorithm

4.147

0.221

4.015

4.633

1.21e-11

Yes

Simulated Annealing

3.768

0.165

3.695

4.112

1.21e-11

Yes

Differential Evolution

3.615

0.153

3.552

3.941

1.21e-11

Yes

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