Table 6 Economic and Operational Parameters.

From: Investigating the impact of electric vehicles on increasing the reliability of the distribution system using the enhanced gray wolf evolutionary algorithm model

Parameter

Value

Unit

Electricity price (peak hours)

0.18

USD/kWh

Electricity price (off-peak hours)

0.08

USD/kWh

Electricity price (mid-peak hours)

0.12

USD/kWh

V2G discharge compensation

0.15

USD/kWh

Demand charge

15.00

USD/kW-month

Power factor penalty threshold

0.90

-

Network loss cost

0.10

USD/kWh

Voltage deviation penalty coefficient

1000

-

Load curtailment penalty (critical)

10.0

multiplier

Load curtailment penalty (non-critical)

1.0

multiplier