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Observing abilities of satellite-tagged sea turtles: comparison of reconstructed temperature profiles with ocean model data in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas
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  • Published: 01 April 2026

Observing abilities of satellite-tagged sea turtles: comparison of reconstructed temperature profiles with ocean model data in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas

  • Daniele Piazzolla1,
  • Simone Bonamano1,2,
  • Carla Cherubini1,3,4,
  • Viviana Piermattei1,
  • Marco Marcelli1,2,
  • Giacomo Marzano5,
  • Francesco De Franco5,
  • Emanuela Clementi1,
  • Ivan Federico1,
  • Giovanni Coppini1 &
  • …
  • Rosalia Maglietta1,4 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Climate sciences
  • Ecology
  • Ocean sciences

Abstract

In situ and satellite-based oceanographic data are essential to understanding marine dynamics. In this study, we explore the ability of seawater temperature profiles along the water column, reconstructed from data collected by satellite-tagged loggerhead sea turtles, to capture ocean thermal structures. Temperature and depth data collected by seven loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) equipped with satellite tags in the Adriatic and northern Ionian Seas were compared with Copernicus Marine model products. Discrepancies between observed and CMEMS MedFS data primarily occur at intermediate (15 to 50 m) and greater depths (50 to 100 m), especially during summer and winter seasons, when stratification and limited deep-water observations reduce accuracy. These differences were most pronounced in dynamically complex areas such as the Western Adriatic Coastal Current (WACC) region and in the northern and middle Adriatic Seas, where fine-scale coastal processes and intense winter cooling challenge the resolution of both the CMEMS MedFS data and the animal-borne sensors. Although limited in sample size, the dataset offers a valuable opportunity to evaluate the additional observational insights provided by animal-borne sensors in challenging oceanographic environments, emphasizing the complementary role of turtle-borne observations within existing monitoring networks.

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Data availability

All data generated and analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author (R. M.) on request.

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Acknowledgements

The MYSEA, Life Conceptu Maris, Interreg ALIENA, CS-MACH1, and PNRR BIODIV projects are gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

The data used in this study were collected within the MYSEA project, funded by POR Puglia 2014/2020 – Axis VI, Environmental protection and promotion of natural and cultural resources – Action 6.5–6.5.a. In addition, this research received partial support from the Life Conceptu Maris, Interreg ALIENA, CS-MACH1, and PNRR BIODIV projects. However, no author received direct funding specifically for this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Lecce, Italy

    Daniele Piazzolla, Simone Bonamano, Carla Cherubini, Viviana Piermattei, Marco Marcelli, Emanuela Clementi, Ivan Federico, Giovanni Coppini & Rosalia Maglietta

  2. Laboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Civitavecchia, Italy

    Simone Bonamano & Marco Marcelli

  3. Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Carla Cherubini

  4. Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, CNR-STIIMA, Bari, Italy

    Carla Cherubini & Rosalia Maglietta

  5. Consorzio di gestione di Torre Guaceto, Carovigno, Brindisi, Italy

    Giacomo Marzano & Francesco De Franco

Authors
  1. Daniele Piazzolla
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  2. Simone Bonamano
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Contributions

R.M., and G.C. conceptualized the project; D.P., S.B., C.C, V.P., F. D. F, R.M., performed research; D.P., S. B., C.C., E.C., I.F., R. M., V.P., and M.M. analyzed and/or interpreted the data; D.P., S.B, C.C. and R.M. wrote the manuscript; D.P., S.B., E.C., I.F., R.M., G.C. revised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rosalia Maglietta.

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Piazzolla, D., Bonamano, S., Cherubini, C. et al. Observing abilities of satellite-tagged sea turtles: comparison of reconstructed temperature profiles with ocean model data in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-46945-5

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  • Received: 21 November 2025

  • Accepted: 28 March 2026

  • Published: 01 April 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-46945-5

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Keywords

  • Animal-borne sensors
  • satellite tag
  • sea turtles
  • C. caretta
  • statistical models
  • numerical models
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