Table 3 Digital twin synchronization hyperparameters.
From: Digital twin-assisted blockchain IoT security model using contrastive and causal learning techniques
Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
Process noise covariance (Q) | 1e-3 |
Measurement noise covariance (R) | 1e-2 |
Sampling interval (Δt) | 0.1 s |
Synchronization threshold | Mahalanobis distance > 3.5 |
