Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: The role of self-efficacy and control beliefs in response to a multimodal headache intervention: results from a prospective observational study with a waiting-list comparator

Fig. 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Changes in headache-management self-efficacy (SE) and chance-related locus of control (CMHLC-C) across the waiting-list phase and early follow-up. Values are shown at the waiting-list baseline (− 3 months), baseline at MMHT start (Day 1), end of MMHT (Day 5), and 3-month follow-up. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the waiting-list baseline for SE; CMHLC-C showed only small, non-significant changes over time. MHLC-C subscales were assessed up to the 3-month follow-up to capture early psychological change proximal to the intervention.

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