Fig. 4

Echocardiographic parameters in FRDA patients with and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dot plots show (a) interventricular septal thickness (IVS), (b) left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), (c) left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), (d) end-systolic diameter (LVESd), (e) ejection fraction (LVEF), and (f) Relative Wall Thickness (RWT) in FRDA patients without cardiomyopathy (No Cardio; n = 17 − 15) and FRDA patients with cardiomyopathy (Cardio; n = 15 − 13). Sample sizes vary across panels, as each parameter was analyzed using all available data, and patients without a recorded measurement were excluded from the corresponding analysis. The lines inside the boxes denote the medians. The boxes mark the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles. The whiskers denote the interval between the maximum and minimum values. Filled circles indicate data points outside the 10th and 90th percentiles. Statistically significant differences were determined using Mann-Whitney tests. All P-values were two-tailed and less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.