Fig. 2

Observational results of tracer particles used for estimating the SS_lsd experienced by the removed tracers during each of the rainfall events (thin curves). Thick curves show averaged results over all rainfall events in each observation site. a Normalized size-resolved number concentrations (dN/dlogD_tr) of the initial and removed tracer particles and the resulting D_tr-resolved relative scavenged number fraction (Relative SNF) in Tokyo. b Same as panel (a) but for Okinawa. c Normalized SS_c-revolved number concentration (dN/dSS_c) of the initial tracer evaluated at D_tr = 200 nm and at D_tr = D_std (900 ± 100 nm) in Tokyo, where the SS_c of tracer (BC)-containing particles was predicted by using κ-Köhler theory. d Same as panel (c) but for Okinawa. e, f Same as panels (c, d) but for D_tr = 302 nm instead of D_tr = 200 nm