Fig. 4

Multiple linear regression of CO_{2_}e, AMV, PDV on global or hemispheric mean surface air temperature anomalies. The global or hemispheric mean surface air temperature anomalies is defined as area-weighted and 9-year running mean of global (60^oS to 60^oN) or hemispherical (60^oS to equator or equator to 60^oN) surface air temperature after the removal of CO_{2_}e-induced temperature change. Solid black lines denote the time series of 9-year running mean SAT anomalies relative to the mean of 1881 to 1910, other color solid lines and the number in brackets at top left denote composited contributions of CO_{2_}e, AMV, and PDV to GMSAT and their correlation coefficients with 9-year running mean SAT. Dashed lines and numbers in brackets at top right denote the individual contribution of CO_{2_}e, AMV, PDV-induced SAT to GMSAT and the percentage of their individual contributions. Panel a is for the GMSAT, panels b and c are for the Northern and Southern Hemispheric SAT