Fig. 2

Evaluation of the skill of warnings of long-range lightning activity for three ranges of lead times at a, b, c Säntis (Subset 1) and a′, b′, c′ Monte San Salvatore (Subset 2) station. The results from ML model are shown as solid black columns, results from PERSISTENT model are shown as columns filled with dot patterns, results from CAPE model are shown as columns filled with vertical lines, and results from E-FIELD model are shown as solid gray columns (POD: Probability of Detection, FAR: False Alarm Ratio, CSI: Critical Success Index, HSS: Heidke Skill Score)