Fig. 5: Schematic plot to show enhanced particle growth by local primary emissions contribute to more severe haze at ground level. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 5: Schematic plot to show enhanced particle growth by local primary emissions contribute to more severe haze at ground level.

From: A 3D study on the amplification of regional haze and particle growth by local emissions

Fig. 5: Schematic plot to show enhanced particle growth by local primary emissions contribute to more severe haze at ground level.The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Blue line: Mixing layer. Red dash line: Urban canopy. Two main processes are illustrated here: 1) the growth process of particles originating from new particle formation (NPF) (red line with arrow). This growth process lasts for a longer time and reaches a larger size at ground level due to a higher availability of condensing vapors provided by local emissions. 2) the growth process of local primary particles at ground level (black line with arrow). These two processes and the less effective boundary layer mixing (green line with arrow) together lead to more severe haze at ground level.

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