Fig. 2: Dark-field TEM images and elemental maps of C, S, and Fe and NanoSIMS ion intensity maps of CN−, S−, FeO−, and FeS− of individual Fe-bearing particles.

a, b Elemental maps showing two individual sulfate particles with Fe-rich particles (as hotspots). c Ion intensity maps showing the presence of organic matter, sulfate, Fe oxide, and Fe sulfate (reproduced from Li et al.59).