Table 4 Comparison of DFe source strengths, Fe ligands, DFe species, sensitivity simluations, and NPP changes relative to base simulations in ocean biogeochemistry models.

From: Ocean fertilization by pyrogenic aerosol iron

Model

DFe source strengths (Gmol yr−1)

Fe ligands

DFe speciesf

Simulations

NPP changes

 

Aerosol

Sediment

Hydrothermal

River

 

Lithogenic

Pyrogenic

       

BEC25

From 2.4 to 5.5a

31.3

0.0

0.0

Implicit

DFe

Transient

2%a

NEMO-PISCES26,154

2.6b

1.6b

26.0

14.0

2.0

Explicit

Fe′ + FeL + Fecoll

Transient

2.5%g

CESM19

From 12.6 to 13.6c

20.0

5.0

0.3

Explicit

Fe′ + FeL

Equilibrium

0.2%c

OECO20,27

3.2d

0.84d

42.0

8.4

0.0

Implicit

DFe

Equilibrium

−0.3%d

REcoM-220,150

4.0e

0.86e

4.1

1.1

0.0

Explicit

Fe′ + FeL

Equilibrium

6.4%e

  1. aPre-industrial and current era (1996).
  2. bNatural and anthropogenic. Anthropogenic source was defined as the difference of deposition from pre-industrial (1850) to present day (2000).
  3. cSensitivity simulations with low and high combustion source strengths for present day (2008).
  4. dSensitivity simulations with and without pyrogenic sources for present day (2004)20.
  5. eWe estimated less NPP change, partly due to smaller deposition fluxes of DFe in the Southern Ocean and Pacific Ocean16, compared to our previous simulations (9%)20.
  6. fDissolved Fe (DFe), free Fe (Fe′), Fe bound with organic ligands (FeL) and colloidal Fe (Fecoll).
  7. gSensitivity simulations with and without anthropogenic N, P, and DFe deposition in 2007.
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