Fig. 8: Concurrent extremes, high-latitude land warming, and soil moisture.
From: Drivers behind the summer 2010 wave train leading to Russian heatwave and Pakistan flooding
Top panel: PDF for WRussia SAT index in Glob2010 (solid orange line), Glob2010 | T65N (solid red line) and Glob2010 | soilM (solid brown line). The black solid line shows the 90th WRussia SAT index (GlobClim) percentile. Bottom right panel: PDF for Pakistan Rainfall index in the 2010 ensemble (solid light blue line), Glob2010 | T65N (solid blue line), and Glob2010 | soilM (solid dark blue line). The black solid line shows the 90th Pakistan Rainfall index (GlobClim) percentile. Bottom left panel: scatter plot of Pakistan global Rainfall index on WRussia SAT for the GlobClim (gray dots, 4930 ensemble members), for the Glob2010 (orange dots, 649 ensemble members, of which 54 exceeding the 90th quantile for both WRussia SAT and Pakistan Rainfall indices), for Glob2010 | T65N (red dots, 65 ensemble members of which 8 also exceeding the 90th quantile for both WRussia SAT and Pakistan Rainfall indices) and Glob2010 | soilM (brown dots, 65 ensemble members, of which 7 also exceeding the 90th quantile for both WRussia SAT and Pakistan Rainfall indices). Concurrent events are highlighted in the top right gray-shaded area. Note that percentages for T-65N and SoilM are calculated by comparing the number of concurrent events that show T-65N (8) and SoilM (7) with the total number of T-65N and SoilM events in Glob2010 (65 each). The smoothing of the curve is done using a Gaussian kernel to produce continuous density estimates.
