Fig. 1: Contrasting precipitation trends in early summer over southern China.

Precipitation trends in a 1 April – 15 May (the pre-monsoon onset period (pre-MO)) and b 16 May – 30 June (the post-monsoon onset period (post-MO)) over China in 1979–2018 (shading, mm/day/decade). Purple contours indicate the corresponding climatology of daily precipitation in 1979–2018 (mm; referring to 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm/day from north to south). Stippled areas are significant at the 0.1 level in a and at the 0.05 level in b. c Time series of areal-mean precipitation anomalies (mm/day) over southern China (SC, 20–28°N/105–120°E) in the pre-MO period (black curve) and the post-MO period (red curve). Slanted solid lines are the corresponding linear regressions with coefficients of −0.31 and +0.38 mm/day/decade, significant at the 0.1 and 0.05 levels, respectively.