Fig. 6: Schematic diagram.

This diagram explains the survivor bias for the O3-VOCs system. At the observation site, low-VOCs concentrations in summer correspond to high O3 concentrations, while high VOCs concentrations in winter correspond to low O3 concentrations. With the enhancement of photochemical reaction (in summer), VOCs with high reactivity will undergo photochemical reaction and participate in the accumulation of O3, resulting in less survivable M-VOCs. In contrast, a small number of VOCs were lost in winter, and the survivable M-VOCs gradually increased. Therefore, from the perspective of O3 pollution control, we should focus more on the C-VOCs sources.