Fig. 2: Composites of atmospheric fields associated with the preceding IOD and ENSO. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 2: Composites of atmospheric fields associated with the preceding IOD and ENSO.

From: Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO’s mechanistic importance in modulating the ensuing-summer precipitation over Eastern China

Fig. 2

Composite difference of a–c geopotential height (shading; m2 s−2) at 500 hPa during the ensuing summer based on the years when a only IOD occurs, b only El Niño occurs, and c IOD and ENSO occur together. d–f as in a–c but for vertically integrated water vapor flux (vectors, kg m−1 s−1; showing only values greater than 10 kg m−1 s−1) and its convergence (shading; kg m−2). g–i as in a–c but for precipitation (mm day−1). Dotted areas mean that signals are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Blue vectors in d–f indicate that the vertically integrated water vapor flux exceeds the 95% confidence level. Boxes in d–i indicate the key regions for water vapour budget analysis.

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