Fig. 3: Stratosphere/troposphere/ocean coupled damped multidecadal oscillation in model simulation. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 3: Stratosphere/troposphere/ocean coupled damped multidecadal oscillation in model simulation.

From: Coupled stratosphere-troposphere-Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its importance for near-future climate projection

Fig. 3: Stratosphere/troposphere/ocean coupled damped multidecadal oscillation in model simulation.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a The reconstructed NAOI (red), AMVI (blue), AMOCI (yellow) and scaled time-integrated NAOI (dashed red) from the coupled multidecadal stratosphere/troposphere/ocean variability using MSSA. b Running explained variance of the AMVI (blue), NAOI (red), NAMI at 20 hPa (dashed red) and AMOCI (defined as Atlantic Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Stream function averaged, around the climatological maximum, 0–2000 m and 30to40N, yellow). c The averaged periodic evolution over 16 phases of multidecadal changes (using phase-composite, Methods) of the reconstructed multidecadal NAOI (red), AMVI (bleu), AMOCI (yellow) surface salinity (dashed green), and the averaged upward turbulent oceanic heat-fluxes (green) over Labrador Sea. d The same as c but for the reconstructed Gyre index (defined as difference in the barotropic mass stream function between subtropical and subpolar gyre (Methods, yellow)) and the reconstructed average over Labrador Sea of the Evaporation (Ev, blue), surface salinity (green) and difference between evaporation and precipitation (Ev–Pr, red). All indices in a–d have been standardized by dividing the resulting deviations from the mean by the standard deviation, in such way that the values express the portion of the standard deviation explained by the multidecadal changes.

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