Fig. 4: Dynamics of the damped coupled stratosphere/troposphere/ocean oscillation.

a, b The MSSA-reconstructed 1000 hPa geopotential height (in m) and upward oceanic turbulent heat-fluxes (in w m⁻²) respectively at phase 2. c, d Surface salinity (in psu) and mixed-layer depth (in m) during phase 3, respectively. e Ocean barotropic mass stream function during phase 4 (in 10 ⁸ Kg s⁻¹). f Latitude-depth section of the ocean meridional overturning mass stream function in the Atlantic Ocean (north of 30° S) during phase 5 (in 10⁸ Kg s⁻¹). g The zonally averaged poleward Atlantic heat transport in W (during the phase 5) by the total oceanic circulation (red), the AMOC (yellow) and the oceanic gyre (blue). h The reconstructed SST anomalies at phase 7 (in °C), i the reconstructed 1000 hPa geopotential heights at phase 8 (in m).