Fig. 5: The dynamics of the seasonal evolution of the stratosphere/troposphere-coupled system in the coupled multidecadal stratosphere/troposphere/ocean oscillation. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 5: The dynamics of the seasonal evolution of the stratosphere/troposphere-coupled system in the coupled multidecadal stratosphere/troposphere/ocean oscillation.

From: Coupled stratosphere-troposphere-Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its importance for near-future climate projection

Fig. 5

a The seasonal evolution of reconstructed (Methods) multidecadal NAM-index during the phase 9 at different levels between 1000 and 0.1 hPa. b The zonally averaged lower stratospheric temperature (100–70 hPa) during the phase 9 (in °C). c As in a but for the combined contribution of resolved wave and non-resolved parameterized forcing (i.e., total forcing, in m s−1/day). d–f As in c but for d resolved wave forcing, e non-resolved forcing and f the Coriolis torque of the residual circulation respectively (in m s−1/day).

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