Fig. 4: Time series of Averaged PI.

Top (a, b, c): Averaged PI time series of the 3 track groups, with trends and p-values, based on MME1. 95% confidence trend bounds are shaded. The regression lines are aligned at the zero point for trend comparison. Bottom (d, e, f): The difference between TC_Move and TC_Stay, i.e., poleward migration’s negative effect, for the 3 track groups. All 4 MMEs are depicted.