Fig. 1: Importance of monsoon lows and depressions for human exposure to extreme precipitation.
From: Observed increase in the peak rain rates of monsoon depressions
a Population density (shaded) and the percent growth between 2000 and 2020 (stippling/hatching). b Number of extreme precipitation events (≥15 cm day−1; see “Methods”) during summer (June–September, shaded) per decade and the fraction of these extreme events associated with LPS (stippling/hatching). c Track density of LPS for 1979–2019 from the ERA5 reanalyses (shading), with genesis points and tracks for 2018 (only 1 year is provided for clarity) shown as dots and lines, respectively. d Time series of the annual number of extreme precipitation events over central India (box in [b]) and its best linear fit; shading represents the 95% confidence interval for the fit, with the trend and the confidence interval for the slope marked in the figure. In (b, d), extreme rainfall events are derived from the IMD rainfall dataset at a horizontal resolution of 0.25°.
