Fig. 5: The mixed-layer temperature tendency terms.
From: El Niño and La Niña asymmetry in short-term predictability on springtime initial condition
a Composites of each term in the SST equation for the El Niño years. Black line indicates SST tendency. Red, blue, gray and green lines indicate ZA, TH, EK feedback and nonlinear dynamic heating. b Same as a, except for the La Niña years. c Same as Fig. 3b, expect for the scatter diagram of equatorial mean (120°E-80°W, 5°S-5°N) zonal wind stress and zonal current. The black and red shading in a indicate the difference of dT/dt and ZA feedback (\(-{{\rm{u}}}^{{\prime} }\frac{\partial \bar{{\rm{T}}}}{\partial {\rm{x}}}\)) term in spring (AMJ) between the El Niño and La Niña is statistically significant at more than 95% confidence level (using bootstrap test; see method).
